Which of the following characteristics determines when the refractory period ends?
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how low the membrane potential drops below resting potential during the undershoot phase
how long it takes for the voltage-gated Na+ channels to reactivate at the end of an action potential
how long it takes for the voltage-gated Na+ channels to close at the end of an action potential
how long it takes for the membrane potential to return to resting potential after the undershoot phase
how long it takes for the voltage-gated K+ channels to close during the undershoot phase