during 2019, patty's pizza reported net income of $4,212 million, interest expense of $167 million and income tax expense of $1,372 million. during 2018, patty's reported net income of $3,568 million, interest expense of $163 million and income tax expense of $1,424 million. the times interest earned ratios for 2019 and 2018, respectively, are closest to: