Assume that people have rational expectations and that the economy is described by the sticky-price model.
a. Because people take into account all information available to them in forming their expectations of the price level EP,
only_______changes in the money supply affect real GDP. Changes in the money supply that are_________when prices were set do not have any real effects.
b. If the Fed sets the money supply at the same time as people are setting prices, so that everyone has the same
information about the state of the economy, then monetary policy_______be used systematically to stabilize
output. Hence, a policy of keeping the money supply constant will have________a policy of adjusting the money supply in response to the state of the economy.
c. Suppose the Fed sets the money supply well after people have set prices, so that the Fed has collected more
information about the state of the economy. Then monetary policy_____be used systematically to stabilize output.