Which evidence best supports the claim that mutations are a source of inheritable genetic variation?
ANSWER: Mutations affect protein synthesis which impacts the way traits are expressed.

Sickel cell anemia. What type of mutation error has occurred to cause the disorder shown?
ANSWER: substitution

Examine the two strands of DNA below. Which kind of mutation occurred?
Original strand: AGC GTA CCC TAC
New strand: AGC GTA ACC TAC

ANSWER: substitution

Millions of years ago, the ancestors of giraffes had short necks and used to eat leaves from the bushes on the ground. A genetic mutation caused one giraffe's neck to be taller. This long-necked giraffe was able to eat leaves that were higher up on trees. This gave it an advantage as it was able to access more food than other giraffes. Over millions of years, all of the giraffes became long-necked. Which type of environmental factor caused this mutation to be inherited?
ANSWER: food availability

What is one way that a frameshift mutation could occur?
ANSWER: two nucleotides are deleted