KADS, Inc., has spent $300,000 on research to develop a new computer game. The firm is planning to spend $150,000 on a machine to produce the new game. Shipping and installation costs of the machine will be capitalized and depreciated; they total $20,000. The machine has an expected life of three years, a $60,000 estimated resale value, and falls under the MACRS seven-year class life (depreciation of 14.29%, 24.49%, and 17.49% in years 1, 2, and 3 respectively). Revenue from the new game is expected to be $800,000 per year, with costs of $350,000 per year. The firm has a tax rate of 30 percent, an opportunity cost of capital of 12 percent, and it expects net working capital to increase by $50,000 at the beginning of the project. What will the YEAR 0 (ONLY YEAR 0!) estimated after-tax cash flow for this project be? Select one: a. -$520,000 b. $230,000 c. $102,288 d. -$220,000