Dr. Jennings of the London Graduate School of Business was recently elected to serve on the board of directors for a steel company in the U.K. After working with the board for a year and a half, Dr. Jennings became known as the board member who would permit upper management to make decisions and vote at their recommendations with concerns to strategic decisions. This is an example of which degree of involvement? O a. Active participant O b. Catalys O c. Phantom O d. Rubber stamp