For an inductor :v(t)=L dt
di
​
,i(t)= L
1
​
∫vdt; For a capacitor :v(t)= C
1
​
∫idt,i(t)=C dt
dv
​
V Ave
​
= T
1
​
∫ 0
T
​
v(t)dt,V RMS
​
= T
1
​
∫ 0
T
​
v(t) 2
dt
​
; For a sine wave, V RMS
​
× 2
​
=V P eak
​
​
Energy = 2
1
​
CV 2
= 2
1
​
LI 2
= Power × time ; Power = R
V 2
​
=I 2
R=V×I= Force × velocity = Torque × angular velocity Pressure conversions: 1Bar=100kPa=14.5 P.S.I. =750 mmHg=10.2 mH 2
​
0=1.02 kg/cm 2
MOSFET switching loss = 2
F Sw
​
V DS(Off)
​
​
(T ON
​
I ON
​
+T OFF
​
I OFF
​
) Thermal :ΔT( ∘
C)=P×Σθ XX
​
( ∘
C/W) or ΔT( ∘
C)= Thermal capacitance Power × time ​
Switch - mode power supply voltage relationships Buck :V OUT
​
=ϕ⋅V IN
​
Boost :V OUT
​
= 1−ϕ
V IN
​
​
Buck-boost :V OUT
​
= 1−ϕ
ϕ⋅V IN
​
​