Imagine that you are a research assistant in Mary Ainsworth's Attachment Styles Research Laboratory. You are learning about identifying the different attachment styles, which are as follows:
- Secure attachment: a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver.
- Avoidant attachment: a pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregiver's presence, departure, or return.
- Anxious attachment: a pattern of attachment in which an infant's anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion.
- Disorganized attachment: a type of attachment that is marked by an infant's inconsistent reactions to the caregiver's departure and return.
Ainsworth developed the strange situation procedure to measure attachment. In a playroom, an infant is observed through eight episodes each lasting about 3 minutes. At first the child and caregiver are together. Then a stranger or the caregiver enters or leaves the playroom. Infants' responses indicate the type of attachment. These key behaviors are:
Exploration of toys
Reaction to the caregiver's departure
Reaction to the caregiver's return
To become certified at identifying the various attachment styles, you have to take a quiz which involves reviewing case studies of various infants that have come to the laboratory and then identifying the attachment styles. There are five cases, which are detailed below:
Case Study #1:
Lil' Wayne is a one-year old boy who has come to Ainsworth's laboratory with his mother. When Lil' Wayne and his mother are in the play room, he plays happily with toys. He giggles while he plays with a fire truck. When the stranger enters the room, Lil' Wayne continues to play with his fire truck. Lil' Wayne's mother leaves the room. He continues to play with his toys as if she never left. Lil' Wayne's mother comes back into the room and he doesn't look at her or greet her when she returns.