A patient presents with damage to the long thoracic nerve after vigorously shoveling snow 2 weeks ago. The therapist asks the patient to actively flex the shoulder. What should the PT expect to see upon examination of shoulder flexion active range of motion?

a) winging scapula and limitation in shoulder flexion
b) winging and anterior tipping of the scapula during flexion
c) winging scapula and excessive scapular protraction during flexion
d) winging and excessive upward rotation of the scapula during flexion