Fido, Inc. is a producer of dog food and is getting ready to
introduce a new brand. The firm's marketing research
department learns that a competitor is planning to launch
another brand about two weeks after Fido's launch. Fido's
marketing department quickly mails a set of dated coupons to
several thousand consumers in a purchased database of dog
owners, encouraging them to ask for the new Fido brand in
their favorite store and to stock up on the new brand using the
coupons. This is an example of:

A. pulling.
B. noise.
C. pushing.
D. encoding.
E. decoding.