A state requires that persons holding a state license to practice a particular profession reside in the state for at least one year before engaging in that practice. A practitioner who held the state license moved into the state and shortly thereafter contracted with a local business to provide professional services. As soon as he began practicing his profession, the state licensing board sought to sanction him for violating the one‑year waiting period.
Which of the following provides the strongest basis for the practitioner to challenge the waiting period?
a) The Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
b) The Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV.
c) The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
d) The Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution.