The economist who is famous for his argument against top-down approaches to economic development favored by the World Bank never worked. Which of the following options best describes his viewpoint?

A) He believed that bottom-up approaches are more effective.
B) He argued for a mixed approach combining top-down and bottom-up strategies.
C) He advocated for a complete overhaul of the current economic development system.
D) He proposed a new theory that challenges both top-down and bottom-up approaches.