A person with CHF and progressive shortness of breath is admitted to the hospital for cardiac transplantation surgery. Hemodynamic recordings made with a Swan-Ganz catheter were as follows:
Mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP): 35 mm Hg
Mean left atrial pressure (LAP): 20 mm Hg
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP): 25 mm Hg Cardiac Output: 3 L/min On a previous admission, the patient's LAP was 15 mm Hg and cardiac output was 4 L/min. What can be deduced from these data?

a. Cardiac contractility is lower than on the previous admission.
b. Left ventricular preload is lower than on his previous admission.
c. Net fluid absorption into the pulmonary capillaries is increased.
d. Pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure is lower than normal.
e. Pulmonary vascular resistance is lower than normal at present.