A 6′3′′ tall, 140-lb, 20-year-old man was watching television when he felt pain in his shoulder blades, shortness of breath, and fatigue. His father noticed how pale he was and took him to the emergency department. The physical exam revealed decreased tactile fremitus, hyperresonance, and diminished breath sounds. A chest x- ray revealed a 55% pneumothorax of the right lung, which was attributed to rupture of a bleb on the surface of the lung. What changes in lung function occur as a result of a pneumothorax?
a. The chest wall on the affected side recoils inward.
b. The intrapleural pressure in the affected area equals to atmospheric pressure.
c. The trachea deviates away from the affected lung.
d. There is hyperinflation of the affected lung.
e. The ratio on the affected side increases above normal.