A 65-year-old smoker develops a squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma that metastasizes to the tracheobronchial and parasternal lymph nodes. The chest x-ray is consistent with accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary interstitial space. Flow of fluid through the lymphatic vessels will be decreased if there is an increase in which of the following?
a. Capillary oncotic pressure
b. Capillary permeability
c. Capillary pressure
d. V per min/Q per min
e. Central venous pressure
f. Interstitial protein concentration