Jakob, Nathan, and Ting are members of the marketing team at Wonderous Innovations, Incorporated (WII), and are responsible for generating ideas for new marketing strategies. Jakob has done a phenomenal job in gathering information necessary to help the team understand the desires and needs of the client. All things being equal, Ting has the best record of making good recommendations to Tigran, the vice president of marketing. Nathan can make some good recommendations, but sometimes his recommendations are completely off base. Usually, Tigran pays careful attention to what Ting has to say, but he generally does not pay much attention to what Nathan proposes. In addition to Tigran, Ting has been meeting with the vice president of operations and other members of the executive team to gain support for their request to increase the marketing budget. The decision-making records of Nathan and Ting reflect which factor in effective decision making at WII?
a) Staff validity
b) Hierarchical sensitivity
c) Cohesion
d) Decision informity
e) Transactive memory