When calculating formal charges using the equation:
Formal charge = Valence electrons - (Number of lone pair electrons + 0.5 * Number of bonding electrons)
Which of the following statements accurately compares the formal charge of an atom?
a) If the formal charge is negative, the atom has gained electrons compared to its neutral state.
b) If the formal charge is positive, the atom has lost electrons compared to its neutral state.
c) If the formal charge is zero, the atom has the same number of electrons as its neutral state.
d) All of the above.