Which of the following social or environmental impacts is most directly related to the use of chemicals in agriculture?

a) A decline in insect-borne diseases and improved health at the global scale.
b) A decrease in the price of agricultural products due to lower labor costs associated with applying chemicals over widespread areas in one application.
c) An increase in the use of genetically modified crops.
d) An increase in profits that is limited to farmers in developed countries.
e) An increase in land and water pollution from agricultural runoff.