Describe the three main sociological theories (i.e. structural-functional, social-conflict, and symbolic-interaction). In addition to describing the theories, identify some strengths and weaknesses of each approach. For the purposes of practicing APA format (which you will use for your major research paper), use at least one direct quotation from the textbook, as well as one paraphrase, and be sure to provide correct in-text citations for each.
a. Structural-functional theory, also known as functionalism, is based on the idea that society is a complex system made up of many interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability. According to the textbook, "Structural-functional theories are at heart whole systems theories, focused on the system as a whole" (Macionis, 2020, p. 21). One of the strengths of this approach is its focus on the interdependence of different parts of society. However, a weakness is its tendency to overlook inequality and conflict within society.

b. Social-conflict theory emphasizes the role of power and inequality in shaping society. It highlights the ways in which different groups compete for resources and struggle for power. The textbook notes that "Social-conflict theories stress that competition and social inequality lead to conflict and change" (Macionis, 2020, p. 21). One strength of this approach is its focus on addressing issues of inequality. However, a weakness is its sometimes overly negative view of society, which may overlook areas of cooperation and positive social change.

c. Symbolic-interaction theory focuses on the ways in which individuals interact and create shared meanings through symbols and language. It emphasizes the importance of everyday interactions in shaping society. According to the textbook, "Influenced by this perspective, sociologists stress that symbols and details of everyday life are important" (Macionis, 2020, p. 22). A strength of this approach is its focus on the individual's role in shaping society. However, a weakness is its potential to overlook larger social structures and institutions that also shape behavior.

d. All three of these theories offer valuable insights into the ways in which society functions and are important for understanding different aspects of social life. Each has its strengths and weaknesses, and they can be used in conjunction to gain a fuller understanding of the complexities of society. By incorporating insights from all three perspectives, sociologists can provide a more comprehensive analysis of social issues and phenomena.