What are hypotheses and how can they be formulated as precise, falsifiable propositions?
a) Hypotheses are predictions that can be cast as precise falsifiable propositions.
b) Hypotheses should avoid specifying relations between variables because then they can easily be proven false.
c) Hypotheses are often based on intuition rather than estimating a future outcome based on existing knowledge, observations, and theoretical frameworks.
d) Hypotheses are most often about single variables rather than relationships between variables.