Paradoxically, consumers usually become more loyal to a sports organization when negative events happen, as long as the events don't last too long. What is the reason behind this phenomenon?
1) Consumers feel a sense of solidarity with the organization during tough times
2) Negative events create a sense of excitement and anticipation among consumers
3) Consumers believe that the organization will bounce back stronger after the negative events
4) Negative events make consumers appreciate the positive aspects of the organization even more