To calculate deformations and to make choices involving structural materials, engineers need to use material-specific data such as the values of Young’s modulus, yield strength, and ultimate strength. Use the internet to look up values for the materials mentioned in the table below. Some of the values might only be approximate or might only appear as a range. If so, mention the lowest value quoted. If you cannot find a value, leave the cell blank. When documenting the values, pay attention to the units. The SI unit of Young’s modulus is the same as the unit of stress, which is newton/meter2 (N/m2), also called Pascal (Pa). Yield strength and ultimate strength are also stress values, so we also measure them in pascals. To avoid very large numbers, engineers often quote their values in megapascals (MPa) and gigapascals (GPa): 1 MPa = 106 Pa, and 1 GPa = 109 Pa.