1. What type of error is shown above?

2. How is the reading frame affected by this error?

3. Suppose a nucleotide was replaced with a different nucleotide Do you think this would have a greater or lesser effect on an organism than inserting a nucleotide that shifts the entire strand’s order? Explain.

4. Could a frameshift error in a germ cell affect the development of offspring that is exposed to the mutated germ cells? How or how not?

5. Could an environmental mutagen cause this error? Give two examples to support your answer.