Independent instructions are to be executed on each of the systems listed below, all of which employ one or more 5-stage pipelines with the same clock period. (You can exclude hazard conditions from your answer). Indicate the total number of clock cycles required to execute the sequence of 24 instructions on:

a. a scalar pipeline
b. a superscalar system of degree 4
c. a superpipelined system of degree 4 (i.e. with four clock phases per cycle.)
d. a superscalar-superpipelined system of degree 4 (i.e. a system with four pipelines each of which is a degree-4 superpipeline)