Climate forcings fundamentally result from changes in the rate of incoming solar radiation; the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected back to space (albedo); and the rate of infrared radiation emitted by the climate system to space. Dynamic climate models use mathematical expressions of physical processes and known initial conditions for model calculations of responses to such forcings. What are the features of climate models?
1) Representation or simulation of a real system
2) Incorporating essential features (or variables) of a system
3) Omitting details considered neither needed nor predictable
4) Systems of mathematical equations representing the basic laws of physics, fluid motion, and chemistry