actually there are 4 types of predation: carnivory, herbivory, parasitism, and mutualism.
CarnivoryCarnivorous predators kill and eat their prey. The common perception of carnivory involves a large animal, such as a lion or a tiger, hunting smaller animals like rabbits or deer. However, carnivorous predation is widespread in the animal world and carnivores can come in a variety of sizes – from sea otters hunting sea stars to blue whales consuming zooplankton, each carnivore is adapted to its mode of feeding. One exceptional and unusual example is cannibalism.
HerbivoryHerbivorous predation involves the consumption of autotrophs, such as plants or photosynthetic algae. Unlike carnivory, not every herbivorous interaction leads to the death of the plant. Occasionally, herbivory can benefit the plant as well. Fruit seeds are dispersed over wide areas as the herbivore moves. Tough seed coatings are removed in the digestive tract of the herbivore, and its dung fertilizes the soil, providing an ideal environment for seed germination. Grazing is an example and a form of herbivory where the plant regenerates the parts that were eaten by the herbivore
ParasitismParasitism is a form of predation where the host supplies essential nutrients for the sustained survival and reproduction of the parasite. In many successful parasitic interactions, the host suffers a loss of energy, falls sick or loses access to nutrients. However, unlike carnivory, the host is not always killed. In most cases, the parasite is much smaller than the host. One example is tapeworms. Tapeworms are common human parasites that can cause malnutrition, especially in young children.
MutualismMutualism involves the interaction between two organisms where the host provides the nutrition and space for the growth and reproduction of another species. However, the host is not harmed and the interaction is mutually beneficial. The interaction between humans and their gut flora is a classic case of mutualism. The bacteria aid in digestion and provide protection against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Recent research suggests that the collection of all gut bacteria in an individual can have widespread impact on the host’s metabolism, immunity and well-being.
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