Retrospective voting posits that______________________________________.
a. when a particular issue captures the attention of many people in the electorate, voters are more likely to use a candidate's position on that issue to form a vote decision
b. in making a choice, voters do not take into consideration the past career of the candidate
c. issue voting occurs more often when an issue is of particular personal concern to a voter
d. candidates who have more favorable images than their opponents among voters tend to fare much better in election contests
e. evaluation of an incumbent's past performance in office provides important cues for voters in deciding whether to vote for that candidate