An event-related potential (ERP)
The electrical signal evoked by a class of sensory, motor, or cognitive events, which is observed by averaging multiple EEG traces, is known as an event-related potential.
An event-related potential is a small voltage produced in the brain structures in response to certain stimuli as a result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. Event-related potentials are measured using electroencephalography (EEG). Event-related potentials can be generated by several sensory, cognitive or motor events.