An example of the information effect is when bmw gained in-depth information about visitors to a popular chinese social media site, and used that information to determine which visitors were likely to be luxury car buyers and targeted advertising toward them.
The information effect can change a persons perception or idea in a good or bad way depending on the information that is shared with them. They are able to tailor information to their audience and can build up or tear down expectations depending on their overall goal of the advertisements. A good advertiser knows their audience and tailors advertisements to fit their wants and needs.