Respuesta :
Here are the three suggestions for the summary to be effective:
1. An effective summary must be complete. The first paragraph must be summarized as well, since it contains important information to be included such as "she received the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1988."
2. An effective summary must be objective, meaning that it should maintain the author's point of view. As consequence, own personal opinions or points of view (as stated in the student J. Doe's Summary : "I think she was a terrific scientist.") should be deleted.
3. An effective summary should be accurate and coherent. For example, if we take this excerpt from the orginal text:
"Unable to obtain a graduate research position because she was a woman, she took a series of jobs, including lab assistant, chemistry and physics teacher in New York City high schools, and research chemist."
and compare it with the summary:
"She was unable to obtain a graduate research position because she was a woman. She took a series of jobs, including lab assistant, chemistry and physics teacher in New York City high schools, and research chemist. "
You will note that the summary does not convey the main idea of the paragraph, which is "she worked as a lab assistant, chemistry and physics teacher in New York City highschools as well as a research chemist". On the other hand, the summary is not coherent, since the sentences within it are loosely-related since they are separated: you should write one complete main idea.
These are the six rules of effective summary writing:
1. State the title, author and central idea of the text in the first sentence
2. Include one paraphrased summary sentence for each section
3. Include only the central ideas from the text and omit less important details
4. Write a summary that is shorter than the original text
5. Paraphrase all the ideas (use your own words)
6. Do not include your personal opinions