What was the main effect on the Jim Crow system?

-It undermined the civil rights that African Americans had gained during Reconstruction.
- It prevented African Americans from returning to the land they had worked under slavery.
- It increased the number of African Americans serving in Southern legislatures.
- It drove large numbers of African Americans to migrate to new colonies that had been set up in Africa.

Which of the following was one consequence of the system of debt peonage that emerged during the late 19th century?

- the rapid industrialization and modernization of the Southern economy
- the migration of African Americans from the South to the North and West
- the creation of a new political coalition consisting of poor whites and blacks
- the creation of racially-segregated communities throughout the United States

PLEASE ANSWER #1 AND TELL ME IF #2 IS RIGHT