Respuesta :
The process of counter-current multiplication occurs in the kidneys where the osmotic gradient is produced with the use of energy to reabsorb water from the tubular fluid and generate concentrated urine.
The main objective of the loop of Henle is to minimize the volume of water and the solutes within the urine without creating any modifications in the concentration. A hypertonic medulla is established by using counter-current multiplier. The three components taking part in the procedure are thin descending limb, thin ascending limb, and thick ascending limb.
The descending limb is permeable to water, but not to solutes. Thus, the osmolarity of the peritubular space enhanced that pulls out more water out of descending limb.
The thick ascending loop is not permeable to water, however, solutes like Na+, K+, and Cl- are pumped actively out in the proportion 1: 1: 2. Thus, the solute concentration of the fluid is greater in the ascending limb making active transport of more electrolytes.
Hence, the correct answer is option C, that is, active transport of electrolytes out of the ascending limb.
The counter current arrangement of the two limbs of the loop of Henle becomes a multiplier of electrolyte concentration due to the active transport of electrolyte out of the ascending limb.
Further Explanation:
The basic structure of the kidney is similar in all the vertebrates but the environmental conditions vary during evolution. The loop of Henle is developed in birds and mammals due to the habitat in which they live.The Henle’s loop is located in the medulla region of the kidney and creates an osmolarity gradient from cortex to the medulla. This gradient allows maximum re-absorption of water and other important ions from the filtrate. The length of Henle’s loop is shorter in tropical mammals as their intake of water is much higher than the mammals living in the desert.The filtrate from the loop of Henle enters into the distal convoluted tubule. The filtrate is finally drained into the collecting duct and is now called urine.
The ascending limb is of two types thick and thin. The thin limb is permeable to charged particles but impermeable to water. In this, transport of ion occurs through passive diffusion. The thick limb is impermeable to “water”. In this, ions are reabsorbed through active transport.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Urinary System
Keywords:
Filtrate, urine, impermeable, water, ions, cortex, medulla, reabsorbed, active transport, passive diffusion, osmolarity, evolution, kidney.
