The correct answer is B.
Lincoln Steffens (1866-1936) was a US journalist who was part of the generation of the muckrakers, because he dedicated his career to investigate corruption in the governments of US cities, and he severely attacked institutions and leaders for their inherent corruption.
He wrote the book "The Shame of the Cities", structured as a collection of articles. The purpouse of this work was, not to state the existence of corruption or to describe different manifestations of it, but to draw attention on the fact that it existed because citizens did nothing to stop it and, therefore, that citizens had become partners in crime.
