Respuesta :
Form of government, political form, regime of government, political regime, system of government, political system, system of government, model of government or political model are some of the diverse ways of naming an essential concept of political science and the theory of State or constitutional right. It refers to the model of organization of constitutional power adopted by a State in terms of the relationship between the different powers. The way in which political power is structured to exercise its authority in the State, coordinating all the institutions that form it, makes each form of government requires regulatory mechanisms that are characteristic of it.
There are very different nomenclatures to denominate the different forms of government, from the theorists of Antiquity to the Contemporary Age; At present, three types of classifications are usually used:
• The elective character or not of the head of state defines a classification, between republics (elective) and monarchies (non-elective).
• The degree of freedom, pluralism and political participation defines another classification, between democratic, authoritarian and totalitarian systems, depending on whether they allow the exercise of discrepancy and political opposition to a greater or lesser degree or deny more or less radically the possibility of dissidence (establishing a single-party regime, or different types of exceptional regimes, such as dictatorships or military juntas); At the same time, the electoral system through which the popular will expresses itself in participatory systems has had very different historical configurations (direct democracy or assembly, indirect or representative democracy, census or restricted suffrage, universal male suffrage or of both sexes, different determinations of the age of majority, racial segregation, inclusion or not of immigrants, and others), as well as very different ways of altering or distorting it (borgo rotido, gerrymandering, electoral fraud, pucherazo).
• The existing relationship between the head of the State, the government and the parliament defines another classification, between presidentialisms and parliamentarisms (with many degrees or mixed forms between one and the other).
These three classifications are not exclusive, but complement each other, so that a republic can be democratic (United States or South Africa) or non-democratic (China or North Korea); a republican democracy can be parliamentary (Germany or India), semi-presidential (France or Russia) or presidential (Argentina or South Korea); and a monarchy can be democratic and parliamentary (Spain, United Kingdom or Japan), undemocratic (Saudi Arabia or Vatican City) or be placed in intermediate positions (Morocco), very usually qualified in a more or less anachronistic way with terms of the historical forms of the monarchy (feudal monarchy, authoritarian monarchy, absolute monarchy).
The 500-word comparative essay is given below.
A government is the system or collection of individuals in charge of governing a formally organized community, such as a state. In its broadest sense, the government is made up of three parts: legislature, executive branch, and judiciary. Government is both a tool for enforcing organizational policies and a system for defining policy. Many governments have a constitution, which is a statement of the government's guiding ideas and ideology.
Until the 19th century, the monarchy was the most popular type of government. Monarchy is a type of administration in which single-family reigns across several generations. The sovereignty, or power, is personified in a single person.
There are two primary types of monarchy, which differ in terms of the extent of power held by the current ruler or family. When the monarch has no or few legal constraints in political concerns, it is known as an absolute monarchy. Constitutional monarchies are more prevalent, and they occur when the monarch has a distinct legal and ceremonial role but has little or no political power.
Democracy is another type of government. Democracy is a form of government in which the people hold the reins of power. There are two distinct types of democracy. One is direct democracy, in which all eligible citizens have a direct say in how the government makes decisions. Representative democracy is the second and most popular type of democracy, in which citizens exercise power through elected representatives. Legislation is proposed, developed, and created by elected officials for citizens to follow.
Oligarchy is the next level of government. Oligarchy is a type of government in which all power is concentrated in the hands of a few persons or a dominant class or group within society. Royalty, wealth, education, or military domination may distinguish these groupings of people. Occasionally, oligarchy governments are ruled by a few families who carry their power down through the generations.
Unlike monarchs, however, oligarchs do not need to be related by bloodlines to succeed. For example, the authority may be held by one family for numerous years before being transferred to another set of individuals or families based on military ties or riches. People have no effect on these judgments. They are influenced only by those in the narrow circle of persons who wield power.
The rejection of political pluralism, the use of strong central power to maintain the political status quo, separation of powers, reductions in the rule of law, democratic voting are all characteristics of authoritarianism. Limiting their ability to operate or inciting attacks on the media, for example, necessarily makes it more difficult for an alternative narrative to emerge. As a result, individuals are more likely to receive only the ruling party's version of events. To put it another way, the government can use propaganda to manipulate the public.
Totalitarianism is a type of government and political system in which all opposition parties are banned, individual dissent to the state and its claims is outlawed, and public and private life is tightly regulated. A totalitarian regime forces its citizens to accept a set of beliefs or face unpleasant and frequently violent consequences. This is referred to as oppression.
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