An unintended side effect that benefits or harms a third party not involved in the activity is:
a. a condition of oligopoly.
c. a problem caused by inadequate competition.
b. an externality.
d. price discrimination.
The example of an Externality is air pollution from Car emission
The air pollution is not technically covered and intended by the car manufacturing company , but it harm a third party ( civilians) who do not involved in the car production
