Respuesta :

Traditional patterns accelerated on basis of increased intra-African trade in spite of demographic effects of slave trade. Rise of sugar as commodity led to increased slave trade to work plantations.

The African continent was already diverse by the 15th century, and the 19th century saw massive changes in Africa.

What was the pattern of the kingdom and empire formation?

Despite the demographic effects of the slave trade, traditional tendencies accelerated as intra-African trade grew.

The rise of sugar as a commodity resulted in an increase in slave trading to work on plantations.

The rise of large Sudanic kingdoms and empires such as Ghana,  Songhai, Mali, Kanem-Bornu, and the Hausa states along the southern rims of the Sahara had a variety of far-reaching effects on the history of western Africa as a whole.

For more information about African Empire formation, refer below

https://brainly.com/question/482854