Enzymes only allow the binding of molecules that can fit in their active site. As these active sites (can be called locks) are very specific and only a few molecules (can be called keys) can bind them, this model of enzyme working is called the Lock and Key mechanism.
What are the lock and key hypotheses of enzyme action?
Enzymes are folded into complex 3D shapes that allow smaller molecules to fit into them. The place where these molecules fit is called the active site. In the lock and key hypothesis, the active site's shape matches its substrate molecules' shape. This makes enzymes highly specific.
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