The answer is : A. Affect
In Psychology, Affect inclue all type of emotion that human can recognize (such as happiness, sadness, fear, hope, etc.)
People develop an affect in two basic steps.:
- The first one is by receiving a stimuli. The stimuli could be anything that people encounter in our environment as long as it take a large portion of our attention.
- The second one is processing that stimuli and determine how that stimuli correlate with us.
For example, let's say that a person is suddenly screamed and duck after he heard a loud gunshot.
That gunshot is a stimuli. The person process that stimuli and determine that it could be something that harmful to him. So as a result, he develop the feeling of fear.