The correct answer is B.
The 14th Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified in 1868 during the Reconstruction Era, after the US civil war. It included the Equality of Rights provision, that guaranteed equal rights for all US citizens, and it explicitly prohibited that the US federal or state goverments prevented any citizen from accesing their consitutional rights.
Moreover, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship to every US inhabitant without discrimination in terms of race and it also guaranteed due process to every US citizen.