Turkey: Mustafa Kemal had led the Turks from the occupation from the hated allies and the ashes of the old Ottoman Empire to a new nation.
Persia: The territory known historically as Persia has existed for thousands of years, since Cyrus the Great conquered the Medians in the 6th century BCE. This was the first instance of Persia becoming an independent empire. The modern nation of Iran, who still retains a Persian identity, achieved independence in 1979, after the Iran Revolution, in which local forces overthrew the monarchy of Reza Shaw. After this point, Iran became a sovereign Islamic republic, and has maintained that form of government ever since.
Saudi Arabia: In 1902, Abdul-Aziz bin Saud, leader of the Al Saud, returned from exile in Kuwait to resume the conflict with the Al Rashid, and seized Riyadh – the first of a series of conquests ultimately leading to the creation of the modern state of Saudi Arabia in 1930.
