Specific heats and molar heat capacities for various substances at 20 C
- In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity of a substance is the heat capacity of a sample of the substance divided by the mass of the sample, also sometimes referred to as massic heat capacity
- [tex]Q=mc\Delta T\\[/tex]
- specific heat, the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree. The units of specific heat are usually calories or joules per gram per Celsius degree.
- For example, the specific heat of water is 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) per gram per Celsius degree. The Scottish scientist Joseph Black, in the 18th century, noticed that equal masses of different substances needed different amounts of heat to raise them through the same temperature interval, and, from this observation, he founded the concept of specific heat.
- In the early 19th century the French physicists Pierre-Louis Dulong and Alexis-Thérèse Petit demonstrated that measurements of specific heats of substances allow calculation of their atomic weights (see Dulong-Petit law). See also heat capacity.
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