Respuesta :
Answer:
The statements 4 and 5 are true.
Explanation:
1. When an atom gains an electron it becomes negatively charged. This negatively charged species is called anion.
A + e⁻ → A⁻ (anion)
Therefore, the statement 1 is false.
2. An anion is formed when an atom gains an electron and becomes negatively charged. Therefore, an anion is a negatively charged species.
A + e⁻ → A⁻ (anion)
Therefore, the statement 2 is false.
3. The atomic number of chlorine atom Cl is 17 and atomic number of bromine atom Br is 35.
Since, for neutral atom, the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of electrons present in that atom.
Therefore, the number of electrons in Cl atom is 17 and the number of electrons in Br atom is 35.
When the Cl atom gains one electron it forms Cl⁻ ion and when the Br atom gains one electron it forms Br⁻ ion.
Therefore, the number of electrons in Cl⁻ ion is 17 + 1 = 18 electrons
and the number of electrons in Br⁻ ion is 35 + 1 = 36 electrons
Therefore, Cl⁻ and Br⁻ ions do not have the same number of electrons.
Therefore, the statement 3 is false.
4. When potassium atom (K) loses one electron it forms a positively charged species called potassium cation (K⁺).
K → K⁺ + e⁻
Therefore, the statement 4 is true.
5. The atomic number of Fe atom is 26.
Since, the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons present in that atom.
When the Fe atom loses two electrons to form Fe²⁺ and when the Fe atom loses three electrons to form Fe³⁺ ion, the number of protons remains the same.
Therefore, the ions Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ have the same number of protons.
Therefore, the statement 5 is true.
6. The atomic number of copper atom Cu is 29.
Since, for neutral atom, the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of electrons present in that atom.
Therefore, the number of electrons in Cu atom is 29
When the Cu atom loses one electron it forms Cu⁺ ion and when the Cu atom loses two electrons it forms Cu²⁺ ion.
Cu → Cu⁺ + e⁻ and Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻
Therefore, the number of electrons in Cu⁺ ion is 29 - 1 = 28 electrons
and the number of electrons in Cu²⁺ ion is 29 - 2 = 27 electrons
Therefore, Cu⁺ ion and Cu²⁺ ion do not have the same number of electrons.
Therefore, the statement 6 is false.
Atom is the smallest constituent of any chemical species and contains protons and electrons. The true statements are, [tex]\rm K^{+}[/tex] ion is formed when a potassium atom loses one electron. The [tex]\rm Fe^{2+}[/tex] and [tex]\rm Fe^{3+}[/tex] ions have the same number of protons.
What are cations and anions?
When an atom acquires electrons from some other atom then they become negatively charged and are called anions.
Cations and anions are formed when the atom loses and gains an electron from another species. When an atom acquires an electron they are called an anion and when loose electrons are called a cation.
When potassium atom (K) relinquishes an electron then a positively charged species formed is called a cation. It can be shown as,
[tex]\rm K \rightarrow K ^{+} + e^{-}[/tex]
The atomic number of an iron atom is 26 and is equal to the number of protons. The number of protons remains the same when the iron atom relinquishes two electrons yields ferrous ions and when loses three electrons yields ferric ion. Hence, ferrous and ferric have the same number of protons.
Therefore, option 4. K+ ion is formed when a potassium atom loses one electron and option 5. ferrous and ferric ions have the same number of protons are correct.
Learn more about cations and anions here:
https://brainly.com/question/18218573
