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The correct option is (d) all of the above .
The following variables typically affect a substance's toxicity: Innate chemical activity and form. dosing, particularly the dose-time connection. route of exposure.
A route of entry into the body-
A material can enter the body through four different methods: inhalation, skin (or eye) absorption, ingestion, and injection.
Received dose of the chemical -
It serves as a basis for all hazard assessment testing, dose-response model extrapolations, and the development of environmental legislation.
Duration of exposure-
- Acute (short-term) effects manifest immediately or shortly after chemical exposure.
- They could be minor—such as a sore throat or nose—or serious—such as eye damage or passing out from chemical vapors.
- These effects all share the characteristic of occurring instantly.
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