Respuesta :
Answer:
(a) sp³ sp³
H₃C - CH₃
(b) sp³ sp²
H₃C - CH = CH₂
sp²
(c) sp³ sp
H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH
sp sp³
(d) sp³ sp²
H₃C - CH=O
Explanation:
Alkanes or the carbons with all the single bonds are sp³ hybridized.
Alkenes or the carbons with double bond(s) are sp² hybridized.
Alkynes or the carbons with triple bond are sp hybridized.
Considering:
(a) H₃C-CH₃ , Both the carbons are bonded by single bond so both the carbons are sp³ hybridized.
Hence,
sp³ sp³
H₃C - CH₃
(b) H₃C-CH=CH₂ , The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp² hybridized because they are bonded by double bond.
Hence,
sp³ sp²
H₃C - CH = CH₂
sp²
(c) H₃C-C≡C-CH₂OH , The carbons of the methyl group and alcoholic group are sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp hybridized because they are bonded by triple bond.
Hence,
sp³ sp
H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH
sp sp³
(d)CH₃CH=O, The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The other carbon is sp² hybridized because it is bonded by double bond to oxygen.
Hence,
sp³ sp²
H₃C - CH=O
Hybrid orbitals are orbitals that are obtained by the combination of two or more orbitals in an atom.
Sometimes, the properties of compounds are explained on the basis of the facts that atomic orbitals used in forming the compounds are hybridized. Each of the hybridized orbitals are equivalent and are used in bonding.
In the following compounds, the hybridized carbon orbitals are as follows;
- H3C―CH3 - sp3
- H3C―CH═CH2 - sp2 and sp3
- CH3―C≡C―CH2OH - sp3 and sp
- CH3CH═O - sp3 and sp2
Triple bonds between carbon atoms involve sp hybridized carbon atoms. Double bonds between carbon atoms involve spw hybridized carbon atoms. Single bonds between carbon atoms involve sp3 hybridized carbon atoms.
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