The correct answer is D. Pioneer species
Explanation:
In biology, the term "pioneer species" refer to the first species that colonize new environments or environments in which there is no biodiversity for example lands that have been affected by fire, lava, etc. These species are in most cases plants or small organism that are resistant and able to adapt to the harsh conditions of new land. Additionally, this concept differs from keystone and foundation species because these two concepts describe species that have an important role in the ecosystem rather than those that first live on new land. Therefore, the first species to live on new land are the pioneer species.
