The small bags of silica gel you often see in a new shoe box are placed there to control humidity. Despite its name, silica gel is a solid. It is a chemically inert, highly porous, amorphous form of SiO2. Water vapor readily adsorbs onto the surface of silica gel, so it acts as a desiccant. Despite not knowing mechanistic details of the adsorption of water onto silica gel, from the information provided, you should be able to make an educated guess about the thermodynamic characteristics of the process. Predict the signs of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS.

Question

09-08-2019
Chemistry

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The small bags of silica gel you often see in a new shoe box are placed there to control humidity. Despite its name, silica gel is a solid. It is a chemically inert, highly porous, amorphous form of SiO2. Water vapor readily adsorbs onto the surface of silica gel, so it acts as a desiccant. Despite not knowing mechanistic details of the adsorption of water onto silica gel, from the information provided, you should be able to make an educated guess about the thermodynamic characteristics of the process. Predict the signs of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS.

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cristisp93 cristisp93 · Answer 1 · 2019-08-21T10:32:06+02:00

So we look equation for the free Gibbs free energy (ΔG) which depends on entalpy (ΔH), temperature (T) and entropy (ΔS):

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

ΔG is negative (-) because the water absorption on the silica gel surface is a spontaneous process.

ΔH is negative (-) because the water absorption on the silica gel surface is a exothermic process (it releases heat and if you want to desorb the water form the silica gen you need to add heat which is a endothermic process).

ΔS is negative (-) because the water is adsorbed, so from disorderly state you take the water molecules and put them in a orderly state and by doing that you decrease the entropy.

aliasger2709 aliasger2709 · Answer 2 · 2022-02-16T14:08:21+01:00

A porous and amorphous form of silicon dioxide is called silica gel and are used to control humidity. The Gibbs free energy [tex](\rm \Delta G)[/tex], enthalpy [tex](\rm \Delta H)[/tex], and entropy [tex](\rm \Delta S)[/tex] will be negative.

What is Gibbs free energy?

Gibbs free energy is the amount of the free energy that is available for the reactants to yield the products either by absorbing or releasing the heat. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG) depends on the change in enthalpy (ΔH), temperature (T) and entropy (ΔS) of the system.

Gibbs free energy (ΔG) will be negative as the atmospheric absorption of water on silica surface is a spontaneous process. Change in enthalpy (ΔH) will be negative too as water absorption is exothermic and releases heat.

Change in entropy (ΔS) will be negative cause the atmospheric water is adsorbed that decreases the entropy of the system.

Therefore, ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS will be negative.

Learn more about Gibbs free energy here:

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