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Explanation:
The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, basically answer the question: where are genes found in a cell?
It was described by Sutton and Boveri between 1902-1903 and states that individual genes are found at specific locations on particular chromosomes. It also postulates that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can explain why genes are inherited according to Mendel’s laws.
It states:
- Chromosomes, like Mendel's genes, come in matched (homologous) pairs in an organism: one member comes from the mother and one from the father.
- The members of a homologous pair separate in meiosis, so each sperm or egg receives just one member. This is referred as the law of segregation.
-The members of different chromosome pairs are sorted into gametes independently of one another in meiosis.
The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance has helped us to advance our understanding of genetics by proving and demonstrating to us how genes are located on the chromosomes. This sparked our interest in linkage, recombination, and crossing over.
Gregor Mendel's research on the pea plant taught us about how chromosomes separate and assort independently, which is known as the rule of segregation and law of independent assortment.
Several hypotheses have also been proposed in relation to Mendel's two laws. Walter Sutton (American geneticist) and Theodor Boveri (German biologist) were the two researchers who developed the unified chromosomal theory of heredity following the discovery of Mendel's laws.
Some of the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance are:
- Meiosis is responsible for the production of only two cells:
- sperm and;
- egg cells.
These cells merge to produce a zygote, which aids in the transfer of genetic material from progenitor(parents) to progeny (children).
- At meiosis, the grouping and segregation of homologous chromosomes seem to be randomized. Mendel's genes exhibit gene segregation as well.
- Each progeny has two chromosomes and provides half of their chromosomal makeup to the formation of gametes.
- The uniform distribution of chromosomes upon cell division suggests that chromosomes carry genes.
Therefore, we can conclude that the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance has helped us to advance our understanding of genetics by proving and demonstrating to us how genes are located on the chromosomes.
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