Luka, who owns a small breakfast and salad bar, has a reputation in the community as a tough manager. Many customers have heard Luka yell at his employees because he feels that workers today are lazy, lack ambition, and hate to work. Luka is a(n) ____ manager.

- Theory Y
- accountable
- hierarchy
- Theory Z
- Theory X

Explanation: Theory X managers are those managers that use authoritarian style to manage their subordinates. These managers have a perception that their subordinates are lazy and little motivated. Thus, they strictly monitors their work performance.

In the given case, Luka behaves strictly towards his employees as he feels they are lazy and lack ambition.

Thus, from the above we can conclude that he is an example of Theory X manager.