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Explain each of the following in terms of Dalton's atomic theory.
a. the law of conservation of mass
b. the law of definite proportions
c. the law of multiple proportions

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Answer:

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Explanation:

a. The Law of Conservation of Mass

Atoms can neither be destroyed nor created.

b. Law of Definite Proportions

Atoms of different elements combine with each other in simple whole number ratios.

For example, water always consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 2:1 ratio.

c. Law of Multiple Proportions

Atoms of the same elements can combine in more than one ratio to form two or more compounds.

For example, hydrogen and oxygen can combine in a 2:1 ratio to form water or in a 1:1 ratio to form hydrogen peroxide.

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The laws given in terms of Dalton's atomic theory are explained below:

  • The law of conservation of mass: This simply means that when a chemical reaction takes place, mass can never be created and it can never be destroyed as well. In such a case, even though the carbon atom changes, it should be noted that the mass won't change.

  • The law of definite proportions: This simply means that a chemical compound has its elements in a fixed ratio. For example, 50g of carbon will have 21.5g and 28.5g of carbon and oxygen respectively.

  • The law of multiple proportions: This means that when two elements combine together, their proportion can be expressed in smaller numbers.

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