Answer : The correct option is, (C) a sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
Explanation :
Covalent compound : It is defined as the compound which is formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms forming a compound.
The covalent compound are usually formed when two non-metals react.
Ionic compound : It is defined as the compound which is formed when electron gets transferred from one atom to another atom.
Ionic compound are usually formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal.
As we know that the sodium is an alkali metal and has one valence electron and chlorine is a non-metal and has 7 valence electrons.
When sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom then it forms an ionic compound that is sodium chloride (NaCl).
Hence, the correct option is, (C) a sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
